Virus panel I
Dia-GE/virus.I-050
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Gastroenteritis / virus panel I allows the detection of Astrovirus, Rotavirus A, Norovirus 1 and 2 and Adenovirus.
Astrovirus has a non-segmented, single stranded, positive sense RNA genome within a non-enveloped icosahedral capsid (1). Astroviruses are now recognised as a cause of gastroenteritis in children and adults. The main symptoms are diarrhea, followed by nausea, vomiting, fever, malaise and abdominal pain. Some research studies have shown that the duration of the symptoms are approximately three to four days. Astrovirus infection is not usually a severe situation and only in some rare cases leads to dehydration
Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe diarrhea among infants and young children (2), and is one of several viruses that cause infections often called stomach flu, despite having no relation to influenza. It is a genus of double-stranded RNA virus in the family Reoviridae. By the age of five, nearly every child in the world has been infected with rotavirus at least once (3). However, with each infection, immunity develops, subsequent infections are less severe (4), and adults are rarely affected (5). There are five species of this virus, referred to as A, B, C, D, and E. Rotavirus A, the most common, causes more than 90% of infections in humans.
Norovirus is an RNA virus that causes approximately 90% of epidemic non-bacterial outbreaks of gastroenteritis around the world (6), and may be responsible for 50% of all foodborne outbreaks of gastroenteritis in the US (7). Norovirus affects people of all ages. The viruses are transmitted by faecally contaminated food or water, by person-to-person contact (8) and via aerosolization of the virus and subsequent contamination of surfaces (9).
Adenovirus is a nonenveloped icosahedral virus composed of a nucleocapsid and a double-stranded linear DNA genome. There are 53 described serotypes in humans and gastroenteritis is mainly caused by serotypes 40 and 41. Some people with adenovirus gastroenteritis may shed the virus in their stools for months after getting over the symptoms.
(1) Matsui SM, Kiang D, Ginzton N, Chew T, Geigenmüller-Gnirke U (2001). “Molecular biology of astroviruses: selected highlights”. Novartis Found. Symp. 238: 219–33; discussion 233–6.
(2) Dennehy PH (2000). “Transmission of rotavirus and other enteric pathogens in the home”. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 19 (10 Suppl): S103–5.
(3) Velázquez FR, Matson DO, Calva JJ, Guerrero L, Morrow AL, Carter-Campbell S, Glass RI, Estes MK, Pickering LK, Ruiz-Palacios GM (1996). “Rotavirus infections in infants as protection against subsequent infections”. N. Engl. J. Med. 335 (14): 1022–8.
(4) Linhares AC, Gabbay YB, Mascarenhas JD, Freitas RB, Flewett TH, Beards GM (1988). “Epidemiology of rotavirus subgroups and serotypes in Belem, Brazil: a three-year study”. Ann. Inst. Pasteur Virol. 139 (1): 89–99.
(5) Bishop RF (1996). “Natural history of human rotavirus infection”. Arch. Virol. Suppl. 12: 119–28.
(6) Lindesmith L, Moe C, Marionneau S, et al. (2003). “Human susceptibility and resistance to Norwalk virus infection”. Nat. Med. 9 (5): 548–53.
(7) Widdowson MA, Sulka A, Bulens SN, et al. (2005). “Norovirus and foodborne disease, United States, 1991-2000″. Emerging Infect. Dis. 11 (1): 95–102.
(8) Goodgame R (2006). “Norovirus gastroenteritis”. Curr Gastroenterol Rep 8 (5): 401–8.
(9) Said MA, Perl TM, Sears CL (November 2008). “Healthcare epidemiology: gastrointestinal flu: norovirus in health care and long-term care facilities”. Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 47 (9): 1202–8.
| Patogeni ricercati |
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| Geni Target |
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| Nr well/test | 2 1. Astrovirus / Norovirus 1 / Rotavirus A / RNA extraction & PCR inhibition control 2. Adenovirus / Norovirus 2 / DNA extraction & PCR inhibition control |
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Metodiche validate di estrazione |
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Termociclatori Real Time PCR |
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| Volume PCR | 50 µl, 25 µl (dipende dallo strumento utilizzato) |
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Reazioni PCR/kit |
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